Battered baby syndrome
Battered baby syndrome (BBS) refers to non-accidental injuries sustained by a child as a result of physical abuse, usually inflicted by an adult caregiver.
Classical radiological findings in a battered baby:
- Bucket handle fracture
- Corner’s fracture: Metaphyseal fracture at distal end of radius/ ulna
- Egg shell fracture of skull
- String of beads appearance due to fracture of multiple ribs.
How to differentiate fracture in a battered baby from Osteogenesis imperfecta?
- Battered baby: Fracture is metaphyseal in location
- Osteogenesis imperfecta: Fractures are diaphyseal in location.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
- Mutation in COL1A1 gene
- Defective synthesis of type 1 collagen (present in bone)
- Most common type: Type 1
- Inheritance of type 1 OI: AD
- Most severe type: Type 2
- Inheritance of type 2 OI: AR
- Radiology: Multiple diaphyseal fractures at different stages of healing
- Van der hoeve syndrome consists of:
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Blue sclera
- Otosclerosis (As tympanogram)
- So, in OI, As tympanogram might be seen
- DOC: Bisphosphonates
- Fracture: Telescopic intramedullary nailing.